Kërcënimi më i madh i paraqitur nga lëvizjet totalitare është shkatërrimi i sferës publike, ç’rrënjosja e arenës ku individët përfshihen në diskurs dhe veprim politik kuptimplotë.
Firmëtarët e Pavarësisë nënshkruan lirinë por përjetuan dhunën dhe persekutimin më të egër. Madje, edhe pasardhësit e tyre e pësuan rëndë; disa u vranë, të tjerë u internuan, ndërsa një pjesë u zhdukën nga kujtesa historike për shkak të propagandës komuniste.
Ja fatet tragjike të disa firmëtarëve:
𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐟𝐪𝐞𝐭 𝐃𝐚𝐢𝐮, delegat i Elbasanit dhe autor i Deklaratës së Pavarësisë, u burgos, torturua dhe u ekzekutua nga regjimi komunist në vitin 1946.
𝐋𝐞𝐟 𝐍𝐨𝐬𝐢, firmëtar dhe njeriu që ruajti dokumentin e Aktit të Pavarësisë, u pushkatua më 20 shkurt 1946.
𝐐𝐚𝐳𝐢𝐦 𝐊𝐨𝐤𝐨𝐬𝐡𝐢, firmëtar i Vlorës, që i mbijetoi Gestapos, vdiq nga torturat në hetuesinë komuniste në vitin 1947.
𝐗𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐥 𝐊𝐨𝐩𝐫𝐞̈𝐧𝐜𝐤𝐚 vrarë pabesisht në 21 tetor 1919 për shkak të aktivitetit të tij patriotik, ushtarak akademist shqiptar i Perandorisë Osmane. U cilësua si reaksionar nga historiografia komuniste, emri iu fshi nga lista e nënshkruesve të pavarësisë po edhe varri iu prish dhe eshtrat e tij dyshohen se janë hedhur në një zonë të pashenjuar. Në arkivin e autoritet gjenden edhe dokumente për nipin e tij Xhelal Koprënckën, burgosur në Spaç dhe dënuar me pushkatim me akuzën se kishte tentuar të arratisej.
𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐢 𝐕𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐢, delegat edhe nënshkrues, u burgos dhe vdiq në burg në vitin 1947.
𝐁𝐞𝐝𝐫𝐢 𝐏𝐞𝐣𝐚𝐧𝐢, arrestuar nga regjimi shqiptar dhe i dorëzuar serbëve, u pushkatua në vitin 1948.
𝐙𝐢𝐧𝐢 𝐀𝐛𝐚𝐳 𝐊𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐚, i burgosur në vitin 1951, torturuar për një vit dhe dënuar me burg, vdiq menjëherë pas lirimit.
𝐀𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐝𝐡 𝐑𝐮𝐜̧𝐢, arrestuar si tregtar i madh, u la në varfëri të skajshme pas lirimit nga burgu. Vdiq më 11 prill 1950, ndërsa shtypi i kohës e la vdekjen e tij në hije.
𝐅𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭 𝐕𝐨𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐚, i burgosur nga regjimi, përktheu Kur’anin dhe iu përkushtua punës intelektuale pas lirimit. Ai vdiq në vitin 1969, duke vuajtur nga përbuzja dhe mjediset represive të kohës.
𝐐𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐥 𝐊𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐨𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐢, nënshkroi dokumentin e pavarësisë, me siglën “Qemal Elbasani”. Emerohet me pas kryesekretar i Këshillit të Ministrave dhe Ministër të Bujqësisë. Vdiq ne vitin 1946. Gjatë regjimit komunsit familja e tij u persekutua dhe asnjë nuk shkruajti në histori apo në libra për patriotin e shquar, i cili me dijet e tij, shoqëroi nga Durrësi për në Vlorë Ismail Qemalin për ngritjen e flamurit të pavarësisë. Gjithë pasuria e tij u mor nga shteti edhe banesën që kishte në lagjen “Spaikorre” në Elbasan.
𝐇𝐚𝐣𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝐚𝐤𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐢 firmosi aktin e shpalljes së Pavarësisë dhe në mbledhjen e parë, u zgjodh anëtar i Pleqësisë, në Kuvendin e Vlorës dhe u caktua këshilltar i Ministrit të Luftës për organizimin e ushtrisë. Kontributi i tij u mohua, familja dhe trashëgimtarët u përndoqën dhe vëllai i tij Bektashi u konsiderua kriminel lufte dhe vdiq në burg.
𝑇𝑒̈ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑟 𝑑ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒̈ 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑦𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑒̈ 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑛𝑒̈.
Disa figura të tjera si : 𝐃𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐁𝐢𝐜̧𝐚𝐤𝐮, 𝐃𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐞̈𝐫 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢, 𝐄𝐪𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐦 𝐁𝐞𝐣 𝐕𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐚, 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐟𝐚 𝐊𝐫𝐮𝐣𝐚, 𝐌𝐢𝐭’𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐞̈𝐫𝐢 dhe Rexhep Mitrovica u detyruan të emigronin për t’i shpëtuar persekutimit. Ata u shpallën “kriminelë lufte” nga regjimi, pavarësisht kontributit të tyre të jashtëzakonshëm në ndërtimin e shtetit shqiptar.
Siç paralajmërojnë studiuesit e totalitarizmave, regjimet shtypëse jo vetëm që shkatërrojnë jetët e individëve, por edhe synojnë të zhdukin kujtesën dhe kontributin e tyre. Ky akt, megjithatë, qëndron si një dëshmi e pavdekësisë së firmëtarëve të Pavarësisë dhe një thirrje për të kujtuar sakrificën e tyre.
𝐊𝐮𝐣𝐭𝐨𝐣𝐦𝐞̈, 𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐦𝐞̈ 𝐝𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐤𝐭𝐨𝐣𝐦𝐞̈!
#Firmëtarët#Arkivaaidssh#GentianaSula#113vjetPavaresi#komunizmivret
Migena Demirxhiu
Dokumentet për shtetasit Shefqet Daiu, Lef Nosi nga arkivi Aidssh.
Fotot nga wikipedia dhe botimet e familjarëve.
Referenca te tjera nga Muzeu Historik Kombëtar dhe revista 3-4, Studime Historike, v.2019.
The greatest threat posed by totalitarian movements is the destruction of the public sphere—the uprooting of the arena where individuals engage in meaningful political discourse and action.
The Signatories of Independence sealed freedom with their signatures but endured brutal violence and persecution. Even their descendants suffered gravely; some were killed, others were interned, while many were erased from historical memory due to communist propaganda.
Here are the tragic fates of several signatories:
Shefqet Daiu, delegate of Elbasan and author of the Declaration of Independence, was imprisoned, tortured, and executed by the communist regime in 1946.
Lef Nosi, signatory and the man who safeguarded the original Act of Independence, was executed on February 20, 1946.
Qazim Kokoshi, signatory from Vlora, who survived the Gestapo, died from torture during communist interrogation in 1947.
Xhelal Koprëncka was treacherously killed on October 21, 1919, due to his patriotic activity. An Albanian military academic of the Ottoman Empire, he was labeled a “reactionary” by communist historiography, erased from the list of Independence signatories, and even his grave was destroyed—his remains are believed to have been thrown in an unmarked area. The Authority’s archives also contain documents on his nephew, Xhelal Koprëncka, imprisoned in Spaç and sentenced to death on charges of attempted escape.
Sami Vrioni, delegate and signatory, was imprisoned and died in detention in 1947.
Bedri Pejani, arrested by the Albanian regime and handed over to the Serbs, was executed in 1948.
Zini Abaz Kanina, imprisoned in 1951, tortured for a year, and sentenced to prison, died shortly after his release.
Aristidh Ruci, arrested as a major merchant, was left in extreme poverty after being released from prison. He died on April 11, 1950, while the press of the time ignored his death.
Ferit Vokopola, imprisoned by the regime, translated the Qur’an and devoted himself to intellectual work after his release. He died in 1969, suffering the contempt and repressive climate of the era.
Qemal Karaosmani, who signed the Independence document under the seal “Qemal Elbasani,” later became Secretary-General of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Agriculture. He died in 1946. Under the communist regime, his family was persecuted, and no one dared write about this distinguished patriot—who guided Ismail Qemali from Durrës to Vlora for the raising of the flag. His entire property, including his home in the “Spaikorre” neighborhood of Elbasan, was confiscated by the state.
Hajredin Cakrani, signatory of the Act of Independence, was elected member of the Council of Elders in the first assembly in Vlora and appointed adviser to the Minister of War for organizing the army. His contribution was suppressed, his family persecuted, and his brother Bektashi was labeled a war criminal and died in prison.
Interned and forced into exile.
Other figures such as Dervish Bicaku, Dhimitër Berati, Eqerem Bey Vlora, Mustafa Kruja, Mit’hat Frashëri, and Rexhep Mitrovica were forced to emigrate to escape persecution. They were declared “war criminals” by the regime, despite their extraordinary contribution to the building of the Albanian state.
As scholars of totalitarianism warn, oppressive regimes not only destroy lives but also seek to erase memory and contribution. Yet this act stands as proof of the immortality of the Signatories of Independence and as a call to remember their sacrifice.
We remember, we honor, and we reflect!
#Signatories#AidsshArchive#GentianaSula#113YearsIndependence#communismkills
Migena Demirxhiu
Documents for citizens Shefqet Daiu and Lef Nosi are from the Aidssh archive.
Photos are from Wikipedia and family publications.
Additional references include the National Historical Museum and “Studime Historike,” issue 3–4, 2019.
The greatest threat posed by totalitarian movements is the destruction of the public sphere—the uprooting of the arena where individuals engage in meaningful political discourse and action.
The Signatories of Independence sealed freedom with their signatures but endured brutal violence and persecution. Even their descendants suffered gravely; some were killed, others were interned, while many were erased from historical memory due to communist propaganda.
Here are the tragic fates of several signatories:
Shefqet Daiu, delegate of Elbasan and author of the Declaration of Independence, was imprisoned, tortured, and executed by the communist regime in 1946.
Lef Nosi, signatory and the man who safeguarded the original Act of Independence, was executed on February 20, 1946.
Qazim Kokoshi, signatory from Vlora, who survived the Gestapo, died from torture during communist interrogation in 1947.
Xhelal Koprëncka was treacherously killed on October 21, 1919, due to his patriotic activity. An Albanian military academic of the Ottoman Empire, he was labeled a “reactionary” by communist historiography, erased from the list of Independence signatories, and even his grave was destroyed—his remains are believed to have been thrown in an unmarked area. The Authority’s archives also contain documents on his nephew, Xhelal Koprëncka, imprisoned in Spaç and sentenced to death on charges of attempted escape.
Sami Vrioni, delegate and signatory, was imprisoned and died in detention in 1947.
Bedri Pejani, arrested by the Albanian regime and handed over to the Serbs, was executed in 1948.
Zini Abaz Kanina, imprisoned in 1951, tortured for a year, and sentenced to prison, died shortly after his release.
Aristidh Ruci, arrested as a major merchant, was left in extreme poverty after being released from prison. He died on April 11, 1950, while the press of the time ignored his death.
Ferit Vokopola, imprisoned by the regime, translated the Qur’an and devoted himself to intellectual work after his release. He died in 1969, suffering the contempt and repressive climate of the era.
Qemal Karaosmani, who signed the Independence document under the seal “Qemal Elbasani,” later became Secretary-General of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Agriculture. He died in 1946. Under the communist regime, his family was persecuted, and no one dared write about this distinguished patriot—who guided Ismail Qemali from Durrës to Vlora for the raising of the flag. His entire property, including his home in the “Spaikorre” neighborhood of Elbasan, was confiscated by the state.
Hajredin Cakrani, signatory of the Act of Independence, was elected member of the Council of Elders in the first assembly in Vlora and appointed adviser to the Minister of War for organizing the army. His contribution was suppressed, his family persecuted, and his brother Bektashi was labeled a war criminal and died in prison.
Interned and forced into exile.
Other figures such as Dervish Bicaku, Dhimitër Berati, Eqerem Bey Vlora, Mustafa Kruja, Mit’hat Frashëri, and Rexhep Mitrovica were forced to emigrate to escape persecution. They were declared “war criminals” by the regime, despite their extraordinary contribution to the building of the Albanian state.
As scholars of totalitarianism warn, oppressive regimes not only destroy lives but also seek to erase memory and contribution. Yet this act stands as proof of the immortality of the Signatories of Independence and as a call to remember their sacrifice.
We remember, we honor, and we reflect!
#Signatories#AidsshArchive#GentianaSula#113YearsIndependence#communismkills
Migena Demirxhiu
Documents for citizens Shefqet Daiu and Lef Nosi are from the Aidssh archive.
Photos are from Wikipedia and family publications.
Additional references include the National Historical Museum and “Studime Historike,” issue 3–4, 2019.
